Endocrine Abstracts

Objectives: to evaluate the clinical and biochemical effects of (SGLT2) inhibitors as a fourth oral anti-diabetic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients (Materials) and Methods: In a tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, a retrospective assessment of patient medical records was conducted from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2020.A total of 100 patients (mean age [Standard Deviation]: 53.8 [9.63] years) with poorly controlled T2D...

Background and Importance: Precocious puberty refers to sexual characteristics development before the normal age for its development. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 is an autosomal dominant condition with wide spectrum of clinical phenotype of which precocious puberty is common. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing this disease in patient presenting with precocious puberty and screening for optic pathway gliomas should be done and treat it to prevent the future ...

Background: Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are increasingly playing a bigger role in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions due to their lower extra pyramidal side effect profile However, SGAs are known to cause clinically relevant metabolic derangements including hyperglycaemiaCase: A 70-year-old gentleman was admitted with generalised weakness and increased urinary frequency (polyuria) and polydipsia. His blood glucose...

Background: Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH) is a condition caused by deficiency or insensitivity to gonadotropin-releasing hormone where the pathology behind the mechanism is unknown and no secondary causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are present. The condition not only effect sexual characteristic but can affect the physical and psychosocial development of a patient therefore making its prompt diagnoses and treatment necessary. The purpose of this study wa...

Background: Pegylated interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is licensed as an antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-proliferative therapy, but may induce autoimmune conditions including Type 1 diabetes Mellitus/latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA). Case Report: A 50-year-old male presented with a 3-week history of polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss. Following review by his General Practitioner he was found to have an elevated serum glucose (55.4 mmol/l)....

Introduction: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis of both small and medium-sized vessels. Pituitary involvement in GPA is uncommon and few cases have been previously reported. Isolated pituitary involvement in GPA is rare and 96% of cases are associated with other organ involvement. GPA commonly affects the upper respiratory tract (93%), lungs (73%) and kidneys (67%).Case...

Introduction: Amiodarone is a highly effective drug, used for the treatment of arrhythmias. However, it can cause either hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis. It leads to alterations in thyroid gland function or thyroid hormone metabolism, due to its high iodine content. Amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism is common in countries with high iodine dietary intake, and Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is more prevalent in regions with low iodine dietary intake. A large amount of iodide...

Introduction: Resolution of pituitary tumour without surgical intervention is rare. The mechanism of spontaneous resolution of pituitary adenoma is unclear but may be explained by either pituitary apoplexy or hypophysitis responding to steroids. Bray BP, et al(2021) reported the case of vanishing pituitary mass due pituitary apoplexy. Park SM, et al (2014) reported 22 cases of pituitary mass due hypophysititis which improved mostly with medical therapy.C...